... on the order of 1 MW/cm2) resulting in small heat-affected zones and high heating and cooling ... x-rays are not generated, and- LBW results in higher quality welds.A derivative of LBW, laser ... media, including synthetic ruby and chromium in aluminum oxide, neodymium in glass (Nd:glass), and the most ... the laser. Disk shaped crystals are growing in popularity in the industry, and flashlamps are giving way ...