... Gateway Protocols (IGPs), BGP and multicast routing, Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP), ... Operation Administration, and Maintenance (OAM), and routing protocol/port/VLAN damping technologies to ensure the stability of the ... configurations, automatic tunnel configurations, IPv6-to-IPv4 (6-to-4) tunneling, Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunneling, and ...